United States v. Jones Free Essay Example, 1000 words

The  second trial, found  Jones guilty of the charges from a hung jury that led the hearing of the second trial case. The decision from the second trial case was rejected and later reversed, which stated that admission of evidence used by the second trial court was obtained by warrantless use of a GPS device, and, therefore, was violating the fourth amendment to United States constitution (Clancy, 15). Ideally, for a court to make a justifiable ruling, a number of statement issues need consideration. In the United States versus Jones case, the D. C. Circuit Court had various aspects to consider in making its decision. First, was to determine whether the attachment of the GPS device on the car Jones drove and use it to monitor the movements on public areas constituted a search or seizure as indicated in the fourth amendment of the constitution. Secondly, was to determine whether the warrant issued at the onset of the investigations was followed as per the requirements in it. Based on the above aspects, the D. C. Circuit Court would then make a decision and later a ruling. We will write a custom essay sample on United States v. Jones or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Based on the issues presented above, it was the holding of the court that indeed, it was affirmed that there had been a breach in the fourth amendment in the constitution. In making such a holding, the court ruled that the placement of the government’s GPs device on Jones’ car constituted to elements of ‘search, ’ which ideally contradict the requirements of the fourth amendment of the constitution (Clancy, 26). Considering the viewpoint of the court on the holding of the case, the court used a particular rationale, in ensuring that the ruling made was legally applicable and that such reasoning was justifiable and accurate. The rational of the reasoning was that the placing of a GPS device on Jones’ car by the government, which is considered a personal effect, would be clearly classified as a search under the fourth amendment of the constitution. Such a consideration of the court was made based on the aspect that since its history, the fourth amend ment was concerned with the government’s trespass on private effects of its citizens, mainly for the purposes of acquiring information or certain assets (Taslitz 116). The placing of the GPS on Jones’ car violated the fourth amendment of US constitution as such was done without a warrant considering that the warrant previously issued had a ten-day deadline that was not adhered to. Additionally, the use of a GPS device was only warranted within D. C.

What Makes A Good Person Essay - 2229 Words

If you asked a random person on the street â€Å"what is a good person?† or â€Å"what is the good life?† you would likely receive a different answer from everyone. These answers would be different because everyone has their own ideas and opinions of what the answers should be. For many, a good person is someone who lives a good life, is a Christian, or someone who helps other individuals. For some, a good person might be someone who puts others first and someone who is reliable. The same applies to the answers you would receive from â€Å"what is the good life?† Just like everyone had different opinions on what a good person is, they will also have different opinions on what the good life is. You might get answers ranging from spending time with one’s family to having a lot of money. These answers vary depending on the individuals values and world view. For some individuals this desire for money can cause them to act on it, driving them to steal in order to gain happiness. Bronk supports this idea by stating, â€Å"Our answers guide our actions, influence our decisions, and inspire our dreams† (2008, p.713). This paper will discuss how philosophers believe everyone should live and what kind of people we should be, what a good person is, what the good life is, and what the relationship between goodness and human reality is. How Ought We to Live and What Kind of People Should We Be? Individuals have different opinions on how people should live and what kind of person they should be. This isShow MoreRelatedWhat Makes A Good Person?933 Words   |  4 Pagesis ethically wrong is because it makes you a bad person. When confronted about cheating or considering cheating you would judge not by the consequences of it but by the morality of the act itself. You would be judged and questioned about your moral character. Moral character is the person you think you are and the person you’re aspired to be. This is the main element of virtue ethics. Virtue ethics focuses on specific qualities that make a good person. Also, what thrives and contributed to leadRead MoreWhat Makes A Person Good Or Evil?871 Words   |  4 PagesWhat makes a person good or evil? Why are some people labeled as good and some evil? Why do some people have traits or characteristics of both good and evil? Are people truly evil or do they just make bad choices? Throughout our lives we are faced with making decisions about our lives and often the choices we make can determine the path we follow. Depending on our life choices we can be labeled as either good or evil. Good and evil are relative; one person can be good while another evil. Read MoreWhat Makes The Best Type Of Person Is The Most Honest And Good?1358 Words   |  6 Pagescivilization. Civilizations of which, have been built around justice. The best type of person is an admirable one. The capability to learn lessons and gain mental and physical strength while undergoing a hardship is wha t it means to be admirable. An admirable person is able to act with justice because they have gone through hardships and have evolved their character to be self-aware Gilgamesh is the most honest and good because he comes to recognize himself, who he was, and who he wishes to be. As aRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film Nightcrawler 947 Words   |  4 PagesThere are always two sides to every coin. For example, without evil, there can be no good. Is being a good person all about the things one does or is it about the reason one does the things they do? There s good and bad in everyone. Humanity isn t perfect, and our lives are so complex. In the film titled Nightcrawler, Louis Bloom shows viewers first-hand what it is like to be a journalist in the fast pace city of Los Angeles. Throughout the film, Louis attempts to manipulate the other charactersRead MoreHow Does Society Define A Good Life? Essay1228 Words   |  5 PagesTo have a good life, one must aspire to obtain one. Many people aspire to lead a good life but they nearly never truly obtain one. Life has obstacles, which makes it difficult for a person to lead a good life. Living a good life wo uld be, being able to sustain oneself as well as one’s family members with little to no struggle. Equally important, a person should be happy while leading this so called, â€Å"Good Life.† â€Å"The unexamined life is not worth living.† (Plato.) Knowing what makes you happy andRead MoreAn Argument On Virtue Ethics Essay1140 Words   |  5 Pagesrespond to this objection that moral philosophy is sufficient for a virtuous person to make a decision in any given circumstances because it guides the person to be certain not in making the correct decision but in having virtuous intention. A person’s virtuous intention is based not by what end it reaches. It is by what action is made. Hursthouse might argue in our given example that the surgeon’s action is certain because he makes a decision with the intention to save a life of a patient instead of losingRead MoreWilliam Goldings Lord of the Flies Essay872 Words   |  4 Pagesthat either make them good or bad; the question is which genes do you have? In Lord of the Flies by William Golding these kids start to thrive on their bad genes because their surroundings are playing a part of how they act. When the boys started to hunt they would like to kill pigs for fun. At one point they thought of it like a sport. Jack one the characters in the book would make fun of piggy for being fat and wearing glasses. This is due because jack has certain genes that already make him not likeRead MoreEthical Virtue Is A State Of The Soul1242 Words   |  5 Pagesintelligent person would define it.’ (NEâ… ¡.6) But, this definition itself is complex. Then, in this paper, I will explain what he means by this and evaluate this definition. First, Aristotle claims virtue should be a state that makes a human good and makes him function well. In Nicomachean Ethicsâ… ¡.5, he concluded that ethical virtue is a state of the soul. On the basis of this conclusion, he starts to discuss what kind of state is ethical virtue. Then, as a premise, he defines every virtue should make itsRead MoreHuman Nature : What Makes A Human Person?1511 Words   |  7 Pagesessence of what makes a human person what they are, is something that everybody has. Every person is innately a person, but how they put their personhood into action is the biggest indicator of their character, or the projection of a person’s human nature. At their core there is human nature, but their actions are what direct this source of humanity. The quality of someone’s actions is shaped by their environment and sometimes their biological makeup as well. Human nature does not have good or evilRead MoreWhat makes good people do bad things?1300 Words   |  6 PagesWhat makes good people do bad things? There are different types of people in the world, as they all have different behavior, personality, and culture. Everyone has a different view of what makes good people do bad things. It is amazing how such calm and nice people turn into such a bad people. There must be a psychology reason in order for them to turn like this. There are some factors I would like to know and also discuss of why people behave this way. Therefore, a person with different behavior

Frankenstein-Sympathy for Victor or the Monster Free Essays

At the beginning of the novel, Frankenstein retells his story of how his experiment backfired and how the Monster is evil because it killed many people that were dear to Victor. At this point, the reader begins to sympathise with Victor entirely for two reasons, which consist of the monster’s brutality towards members of Victor’s family and for ruining all of Victor’s hopes and aspirations.Victor tells Walton how his creation was meant to be ‘beautiful’ but explains how his enthusiasm for his project was dashed when creation and creator first came face to face, or as put by Victor, â€Å"the beauty of the dream vanished and disgust filled my heart. We will write a custom essay sample on Frankenstein-Sympathy for Victor or the Monster or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Victor describes his creation as a monster or machine rather than a human which it was designed to be using a powerful adjective in the shape of â€Å"convulsive,† used to describe the creature’s movements. Shelley also uses the description of the monster to emphasise the effect that the monster’s horrific appearance had on Frankenstein.By the end of chapter 5, where the monster comes to life, the reader’s sympathy for Victor is even stronger than before because Frankenstein is portrayed to be weak due to all the effort he has put into his experiment and the disappointment he feels at the end. He exclaims, â€Å"for this I had deprived myself of rest and health! † However, the disgust felt by Victor towards the monster also means an increase in sympathy for the monster. In Chapter 10, the monster enlightens Frankenstein of how he felt neglected and unwanted by Victor just because of his appearance.Mary Shelley attempts to teach the reader not to judge a book by its cover, as Frankenstein did to the monster. This pity rises yet further when the monster relates how he tried to help people, tried to be kind, tried to be normal, but his kindness was not recognised and when people met him, they would attack him in fear or would run away when they saw his hideous appearance. Whenever the monster tried to commit a good deed, it was thrown back into his face in such a way that the monster became bitter. â€Å"Believe me Frankenstein: I was benevolent; my soul glowed with love and humanity†¦. you, my creator, abhorred me†¦. hall I not then hate them who abhor me? † Therefore, the impact on the readers is that they now have sympathy for the monster because he has explained his side of the story and this is a different picture to Victor’s. In chapters 11 and 12 the monster is portrayed as child-like and innocent. He doesn’t know how to read or write and before he sees himself for the first time in the reflection of the water, he did not even know what he looked like. â€Å"But how was I terrified when I viewed myself in a transparent pool!.. I was filled with the bitterest sensations of despondence and mortification. Seeing his hideous appearance, he knows why people looked at him with so much contempt. Upon seeing his reflection in the water he knows why people attack him or flee from him. Words like ‘despondence’ and ‘mortification’ stress the suffering of the monster. He is portrayed to be vulnerable as he is abandoned by his creator. Just as babies are dependent on their parents, the monster requires Frankenstein’s guidance but does not receive any, again getting sympathy from the reader. In chapter 15 there are two turning points where the monster’s attitude towards mankind changes.The first of these turning points is upon finding Victor’s journal of his first impressions of his creation. This leaves the monster with many unanswered questions including why he disgusted his creator. The second turning point is when the monster is talking to the old man and Felix assumes wrongly that the monster is trying to harm him. This is a turning point in the novel since the monster realises that his appearance will always let him down, despite his good intentions. When he realises the De Laceys have fled because of him, he shows his frustration and anger by setting the cottage alight.Regardless of the fact that what the monster did was wrong, this time the reader can see that what he did was justified because the reasons were outlined by the monster, in his own point of view. When Victor is told by the monster to create him a mate, Victor agrees because he is blackmailed into doing so and fears for the wellbeing of his family. The reader is encouraged at this point to understand the monster’s loneliness and need for love. He wants somebody to respect him for what he is; someone who will not reject him. He seems peaceful and the reader takes his side for the time being.However, the reader also realises that he will go through extreme measures to get his companion by telling Frankenstein: . â€Å".. if I cannot inspire love, I will cause fear; I will work at your destruction. † This makes the creature seem manipulative, controlling and above all, evil. Even after the monster has killed Elizabeth, the reader still feels sympathetic to the monster since Victor didn’t create him a companion, which the monster was perfectly justified to ask for, bearing in mind that Victor had neglected him. Although he could have dealt with it in different way, the monster receives more sympathy due to his human emotions and his want for love and a companion. On the other hand, Victor seems to be in the wrong. In conclusion, the author changes the reader’s views of the monster and Victor Frankenstein in various ways. First she tells the story from Victor Frankenstein’s point of view, explaining how his family was destroyed by the monster and all the other evil things that he did. This was followed by seeing things from the monster’s perspective in order for the monster to get sympathy. This involves the reader learning of how he was rejected and neglected and how he helped people but didn’t get anything in return, except for yet more rejection. The reader’s sympathy is also with the monster because he is innocent; he had to suffer as a result of Victor Frankenstein’s fatal ambition and when the reckless experiment failed, Frankenstein failed to take responsibility for his actions. All in all, the reader is led to sympathise equally with the monster and with Frankenstein. How to cite Frankenstein-Sympathy for Victor or the Monster, Papers

New Product Management

Question: Discuss about the New Product Management. Answer: Brief description about the organization: Increasing complexity of the business environment and changing preferences of the customers has induced organizations to look for developing new products. It has been evaluated that proper introduction of new products can actually provide new dimension through which businesses is conducted in the market. New product development not only allows organizations to retain existing customers for long time but also help to capture new customers as well. However, development of new product requires relatively higher investment from the organizations that increases the risk level associated with the business as well. In this report, the focus would be on the new product development process of Natural Fruits Drinks Pte Ltd (NFD). The focus organization was established in 1988, with the objective of providing superior quality of drinks in Singapore market (drinkeveryday.com 2017). Over the years, it has focused on increasing the product diversification for grabbing the major share of the Singa pore market. The existing product range of NFD includes concentrated juices, cordials or syrup, soy powder and other type of fruit juices. NFD also provides white coffee is the Singapore market for enhancing the sales volume in a major way. In case of white coffee, NFD has transformed white coffee into three in one packaging for providing unique taste and preferences to the customers. Moreover, NFD has also tried to utilize innovative and aggressive marketing strategies for grabbing the major share of the market. The report will try to assess the best possible new products for the organizations for enhancing the sales volume even further. Justification of the selected potential market opportunity: As illustrated by Raassens, Wuyts and Geyskens (2012) it is important to examine the market potential in an in-depth manner for creating desired impact on the sales volume. It has been examined that proper understanding of market potential will allow organizations to select target market in an appropriate way. Now, NFD primarily serves different types of fruit and other drinks to the Singapore people. Therefore, most likely management of NFD has clear cut information about the taste and preference level of the organization. Over the past few years, the revenue generated from selling fruit drinks have increased in a significant manner for NFD. It has encouraged the organization to provide more diversification in the current product range for enhancing the sales volume in an effective manner (Poetz and Schreier 2012). The current market trend has highlighted the fact that people in Singapore are becoming very health conscious over the years. Therefore, it has increased the market for a ll health and fitness related products in Singapore. Thus, it is reflecting a greater share of the market for NFD to increase the sales volume in an appropriate way (Aarikka-Stenroos and Sandberg 2012). For that reason, NFD will have to focus on capitalizing the health awareness of the people to enhance the sales volume in an effective way. Moreover, NFD will also have to focus on establishing its presence in the countries like Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand market for increasing the sales revenue level in an effective way. As per the article by Yan and Dooley (2014) international business expansion is critical for achieving consistent growth in this competitive market. It has been assessed that international expansion will allow NFD to emerge as one of the most popular brands in providing fruit and other drink products. Hence, it will help to fulfill all the business objectives in an effective manner. Now, NFD has already established its presence in the Malaysia and Indonesia market. For that reason, it will not have to face too much difficulty at the time of introducing new products in these markets. NFD does not have presence in the Thailand market as of now but continues economic growth and per capita income has induced NFD to create strategy for grabbing major share of the Thailand market (Acur, Kandemir and Boer 2012). It has highlighted the fact that NFD has focused on capturing major share of both national and international market for enhance the sales volume in an effective manner. Two new product concepts and the process through which it connected to the selected potential market opportunity: In order to expand in Singapore and International market, NFD is looking to provide more innovative product to the market. Now, it has been examined that people in all across the globe are becoming more health conscious (Chen, Reilly and Lynn 2012). Therefore, majority of the people are spending comparatively larger amount to keep fitness at the desired level. People are also engaging themselves in yoga, cardio and other activities. For that reason, it will be wise for NFD to capitalize this increasing awareness of the people for the business expansion perspective. Therefore, it will wiser for NFD to launch health drink segment for providing extra benefit to the people in keeping their health at the optimum level. As per the article by Haeussler, Patzelt and Zahra (2012) health drinks can be extremely helpful for the people to keep their health at the desired level. Now, health drink is obviously not in the similar segment products that NFD is used to sell in the market. For that rea son, it will have to conduct in-depth market research for covering all aspect of the market in an appropriate manner. In order to enter into the health drink sector, it will be wiser for NFD to target a greater potential market for maximizing the sales volume effectively. Thus, NFD will have to target people from all age and income group in order ensure maximum revenue from the market. Moreover, it will also have to assess the needs and wants of the people living in Thailand and Malaysia for keeping the health at the optimum order (Smals and Smits 2012). For that reason, NFD is looking to develop health drink with chocolate flavor so that it can attract kids and teenagers as well. Thus, chocolate flavored health drink product actually has the potential to grab major share of the market. Moreover, it has been assessed that around 33% of the total population in selected three countries is less than 35 years of age (Thrassou et al. 2012). Thus, it will allow NFD to target larger potential market in an effective manner. On the other hand, extending the fruit juice range even further is also another probable option for NFD for creating desired level of impact in domestic and international market. Therefore, it can look to introduce mix-flavored fruit juice, as it will allow customers to taste something new. Yang (2012) has illustrated the fact that effective use of new and innovative products can allow organizations to enhance the sales volume in a major way. For that reason, it will be wise for NFD to introduce fruit juice with mix flavor including pineapple, grapes and watermelon for fulfilling all the business goals and objectives in an appropriate manner. It can be expected that increasing awareness and knowledge of the people will allow the understanding the significance of consuming fruits on regular basis. However, heavy work schedule and other complexities often does not allow people living in Singapore, Thailand and Malaysia market to consume required amount of fruits on regular basis (Thoma s 2013). Therefore, mixed flavor fruit juice can provide opportunity to the people in fulfilling all the requirements in an appropriate manner. Now, mixed flavored fruit juice is the conventional expansion of the product for NFD. Therefore, it is expected that management of NFD will posses clear idea about the kind of impact it can create on the market. For that reason, it will allow NFD to initiate effective marketing and promotional strategies for grabbing the major section of the targeted market. Increasing product diversity in the fruit juice department will also reduce the risk level associated with the organization in an effective manner (Felekoglu and Moultrie 2014). It will eventually help NFD to achieve sustainable growth in the potential targeted market. Thus, both the new product has the potential to create positive impact on the business level of the organization. Evaluation of two new product concepts and selection of one concept for the next stage: As per the article by Filieri (2013) organizations need to go through systematic procedure for identifying the best new product for maximizing the profit level in a major way. Firstly, NFD will have to focus on conducting market survey in Singapore, Thailand and Malaysia market to understand the kind of taste and preferences people are looking to avail. In this survey process, NFD will have to understand the excitement level of customers from different income and age group. As mentioned earlier, NFD is looking to initiate chocolate flavor health drink for inducing people from all age group to consume the product. Therefore, it will also have to collect responses from all age group regarding the perception about new product. It is expected that chocolate flavor will increase the popularity of the health drink among the children in the targeted market (Cankurtaran, Langerak and Griffin 2013). Therefore, it will help to increase the revenue level in a major way. On the other hand, intro duction of mixed flavor fruit juice will only allow targeting current customers of the organization. For that reason, introduction of fruit juice is not likely to increase the potential market share of the organization. From this perspective, it can be mentioned that introduction of chocolate flavor health drink will allow to increase the market share of the organization in a major way. However, in order to introduce chocolate flavor health drink successfully in the targeted market, NFD will have to invest massive amount for fulfilling all the responsibilities in an effective manner. For instance, NFD will have to invest good amount on RD or new product development department for fulfilling the needs and wants of the customers. Moreover, introduction of chocolate flavored health drink product will also induce NFD to distinct marketing strategies for positioning the brand uniquely in the targeted market. For instance, it will have to focus on utilizing all popular marketing tools like social media, website, newspaper, magazine, television, radio and direct marketing activities for providing required information to the potential targeted customers (Song, Ming and Xu 2013). Hence, NFD will also have to invest massive amount on the marketing and promotional activities for creating awareness among the potential customers, which will increase the overall cost related to t he operational process in a major way. Thus, it will have to take greater risks from the market at the time of introducing chocolate flavored health drink (Jrgens 2013). On the other hand, introduction of mixed flavored fruit juice will not require aggressive marketing strategies to reposition the brand in the targeted market. Therefore, introduction of mix flavored fruit juice will minimize the risk level associated with the business in an effective manner. Still, NFD will look to introduce chocolate flavored health drink, as it can allow the organization to penetrate in the untouched market (Drechsler, Natter and Leeflang 2013). Thus, it will provide higher business opportunity for the organization, which is among the prime goal of the NFD. Moreover, NFD will also look to introduce chocolate flavor health drink, as it is a relatively new concept in the market. For that reason, NFD will not have to face too much competition from the many competitors at the time of establishing business in the targeted market. As emphasized by the Patanakul, Chen and Lynn (2012) introducing product in the intense competitive market is much tougher compared to introducing product in relatively less competitive market. Therefore, it will allow NFD to handle initial fluctuations in an effective manner. It will also help to develop strong brand name that will help to counter different types of future challenges associated with introduction of new products in domestic and international market in an appropriate manner. Recommendations: The above illustration has highlighted the fact that both the new product has the potential to create positive impact on the business level of NFD. Still, NFD will have to choose chocolate flavor health drink, as it will allow organization to target complete new set of customers. However, in order to maximize the utility of new product, NFD will have to follow the following recommended strategies: Proper understanding of the customer needs in different countries: As NFD is looking to introduce chocolate flavor health drink in Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia market, it is recommended to identify all the differences in taste and preference level in a major way. For that reason, NFD will have to focus on assessing cultural, behavioral and ethical background of the people living in the mentioned countries. It has been assessed that people living different cultural and geographical background often depict differences in the taste and preferences level. Therefore, NFD will also have to focus on understanding the cultural and ethical differences in a comprehensive manner. Identification of any political or legislative challenges at the time of introducing new product in the international market: As described by Coenen and Kok (2014) proper understanding of political and legislative challenges is critical at the time of introducing new product in the domestic and international market. For that reason, NFD will also have to focus on assessing the kind of rules and regulations initiated by the government of the focus countries, as it can create massive impact on the overall profit level of the organization. It is also recommended for NFD to identify the restricted drug list in the country, as it might be required for the development of health drink product. Proper assessment of the competitor strategy: As mentioned earlier, chocolate flavored health drink is still a relatively new product concept. For that reason, NFD does not have to face too much competition at the time of introducing product. Still. Proper analysis of all the potential competitors is recommended, as it will help to avoid any type of future obstacles in a comprehensive manner. Thus, NFD will have to focus on assessing the quality of the competitors products as well as initiated marketing strategy for developing counter strategies in an effective manner. Conclusion: The above evaluation has highlighted the fact that new product development is absolute key for achieving success in the market. New product development not only increases the sales volume but also allow reaching to new customer segment. Therefore, it can help businesses to achieve sustainable growth in the competitive market. The above analysis has highlighted the fact that NFD has two new product development options. However, it has selected chocolate flavored health drink, as it has the potential to create maximum impact in the market. The study has also highlighted the significance of targeting both domestic and international market at the same time for enhancing the sales volume in an effective manner. However, new product introduction come up with different challenges that organization will have to deal with in an effective way. Otherwise, the prime objective of introducing new product will not be fulfilled. To conclude, it can be mentioned that NFD has able to cover the entire bases related to new product introduction, which is likely to fulfill all the business objectives. References: Aarikka-Stenroos, L. and Sandberg, B., 2012. From new-product development to commercialization through networks.Journal of Business Research,65(2), pp.198-206. Acur, N., Kandemir, D. and Boer, H., 2012. Strategic alignment and new product development: Drivers and performance effects.Journal of Product Innovation Management,29(2), pp.304-318. Cankurtaran, P., Langerak, F. and Griffin, A., 2013. Consequences of New Product Development Speed: A Meta?Analysis.Journal of Product Innovation Management,30(3), pp.465-486. Chen, J., Reilly, R.R. and Lynn, G.S., 2012. New product development speed: too much of a good thing?.Journal of Product Innovation Management,29(2), pp.288-303. Coenen, M. and Kok, R.A., 2014. Workplace flexibility and new product development performance: The role of telework and flexible work schedules.European Management Journal,32(4), pp.564-576. Drechsler, W., Natter, M. and Leeflang, P.S., 2013. Improving marketing's contribution to new product development.Journal of Product Innovation Management,30(2), pp.298-315. drinkeveryday.com, 2017.EveryDay Drink. [online] Drinkeveryday.com. Available at: https://www.drinkeveryday.com [Accessed 12 Apr. 2017]. Felekoglu, B. and Moultrie, J., 2014. Top management involvement in new product development: A review and synthesis.Journal of Product Innovation Management,31(1), pp.159-175. Filieri, R., 2013. Consumer co-creation and new product development: a case study in the food industry.Marketing Intelligence Planning,31(1), pp.40-53. Haeussler, C., Patzelt, H. and Zahra, S.A., 2012. Strategic alliances and product development in high technology new firms: The moderating effect of technological capabilities.Journal of Business Venturing,27(2), pp.217-233. Jrgens, U. ed., 2013.New product development and production networks: global industrial experience. Springer Science Business Media. Patanakul, P., Chen, J. and Lynn, G.S., 2012. Autonomous teams and new product development.Journal of Product Innovation Management,29(5), pp.734-750. Poetz, M.K. and Schreier, M., 2012. The value of crowdsourcing: can users really compete with professionals in generating new product ideas?.Journal of Product Innovation Management,29(2), pp.245-256. Raassens, N., Wuyts, S. and Geyskens, I., 2012. The market valuation of outsourcing new product development.Journal of Marketing Research,49(5), pp.682-695. Smals, R.G. and Smits, A.A., 2012. Value for valueThe dynamics of supplier value in collaborative new product development.Industrial Marketing Management,41(1), pp.156-165. Song, W., Ming, X. and Xu, Z., 2013. Risk evaluation of customer integration in new product development under uncertainty.Computers Industrial Engineering,65(3), pp.402-412. Thomas, E., 2013. Supplier integration in new product development: Computer mediated communication, knowledge exchange and buyer performance.Industrial Marketing Management,42(6), pp.890-899. Thrassou, A., Vrontis, D., Chebbi, H. and Yahiaoui, D., 2012. A preliminary strategic marketing framework for new product development.Journal of Transnational Management,17(1), pp.21-44. Yan, T. and Dooley, K., 2014. Buyersupplier collaboration quality in new product development projects.Journal of Supply Chain Management,50(2), pp.59-83. Yang, L.R., 2012. Implementation of project strategy to improve new product development performance.International Journal of Project Management,30(7), pp.760-770.

The Evolution Of The American Television Family Essays - Roseanne

The Evolution Of The American Television Family Television is not just a form of entertainment, but it is an excellent form of study of society's view concerning its families. This study focuses on the history of television beginning in the early 1950s and will run through present day. It examines the use of racial, ethnic and sexual stereotypes to characterize the players of these shows. The examples assist in tracing what has happened to the depiction of the American family on prime time television. It reveals the change of the standards employed by network television as disclosed to the American public. Finally, I will propose the question of which is the influential entity, television or the viewing audience. The Goldbergs, which was originally a radio show, became the first popular family series. It became a weekly TV series in 1949, revealing to Americans a working class Jewish family who resided in a small apartment in the Bronx. The show, while warm and humorous, confronted delicate social issues, such as sensitivity due to the Second World War. It is an excellent example of an ethnic family's status in society. A classic among classics, I Love Lucy appeared on television on October 15, 1951, (http://www.nick-at-nite.com/tvretro/shows/ilovelucy/index.tin). The series' premise focused on the antics of a nonsensical wife who beguiles her easily angered husband. The series created the men-versus-women standard on television, (such as what we see between Dan and Roseanne on Roseanne today), that still predominates today. One circumstance that led TV executives to seriously challenge the show's impending success was the use of Lucille Ball's real-life Cuban husband, Desi Arnaz. The ?mixed-marriage? status was a questionable concept that worried the administrators. The situation prevailed; its episodes routinely attracted over two-thirds of the television audience. Leave it to Beaver, the definitive 1950's household comedy, focused on life through the eyes of an adolescent boy, Beaver. Beaver was a typically disorderly youngster. His brother Wally, just entering his teens, was beginning to discover the opposite sex. The relationship that existed between the boys and their parents, Ward and June, was impeccable. A situation never developed that damaged the kinship beyond restoration. The parents exhibited perfect attributes that no real man and wife could attain. The children bestowed unnatural virtues. The program became popular with Americans but it did not realistically portray America's family status. In 1974, a series developed by Garry Marshal entitled Happy Days issued popularity to this era. The Cunningham family was the primary family featured on the program. The view of the American family modified little when the sixties arrived. Leave it to Beaver dominated television through 1963. In 1961, the ?Dick Van Dyke Show? aided in reinforcing the flawless family image. Some viewers thought Rob and Laura Petire were visibly similar to the first family, John and Jackie Kennedy. The highly successful series Bewitched further developed the perception of an immaculate suburbia. The identical condition developed by the Ward and Petire families was operative in the Stephens family. Each television household featured a working father, affectionate mother, and attentive children. Each family was a middle-class family and all financially secure. They each resided in secure households, which were in carefree urban areas. The morality displayed between the parents was commendable and sacred. The finest depiction of the American family living in the 1960s came twenty years later. The Wonder Years, which debuted on January 31, 1988, exhibited the best portraiture of a middle-class family in distinction to the 1960s. The Arnold family featured a struggling urban household. The parents were both conventional and, in the case of the father, emotionally distant. Kevin's, the teen-aged hero, growing pains mirrored those of America itself. The end of the 1960s witnessed a drastic altercation in America's culture. Television's reflection of society had begun to mature. A solitary bed replaced the twin beds customarily utilized in the depiction of bedrooms. The relationship shared between parents and their children possessed increased difficulty. ?The Brady Bunch? challenged the accepted family structure as it pertained to television. Televisions first ?blended family? was introduced. The program contested certain typical regulations while practicing others. The face of television changed forever in the fall of 1971. Norman Lear's All in the Family brought a sense of harsh reality to television

mtbe essays

mtbe essays 1990, the federal Clean Air Act was passed to improve air quality in the United States. President Bush's proposed amendments to the Clean Air Act initially would have led to the introduction of alternative, non-petroleum fuels. The petroleum and oxygenate industries responded by offering a reformulated gasoline program as a substitute for most of the alternate fuel proposals. As a result, the amendments to the federal Clean Air Act adopted in 1990 required steps to achieve lower vehicle emissions, including programs to oxygenate and reformulate gasoline. Oxygenated gasoline is designed to increase the combustion efficiency of gasoline, thereby reducing carbon monoxide emissions. Since January 1995, the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments require areas that have the most severe ozone pollution to use reformulated gasoline containing fuel oxygenates to improve air quality. Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether is one of the most commonly used fuel oxygenates because it is produced in very large amounts from isobutylene, a waste product in the refining process. MTBE can be easily produced at the refinery, at a low cost, and can be transferred through existing pipelines once it has been blended with gasoline. In contrast to other gasoline additives used in the past, MTBE is a member of a class of chemical compounds, ethers, whose unique properties are enhanced solubility in water and chemical attraction to water molecules. These properties, along with widespread use of MTBE, have resulted in frequent detection of MTBE in samples of shallow groundwater from urban areas throughout the United States. MTBE moves quickly to shallow groundwater because it is not attached to soil particles, and is chemically attracted to water molecules. MTBE the potential to impact regional groundwater sources and may present a cumulative contamination hazard due to its mobility and apparent recalcitrance. The United States Geological Survey, in a paper pres...

Globalization and Boundless Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Globalization and Boundless Market - Essay Example It is the productivity of every nations combined. Information on world's outputs is based on economic data obtained from different countries through international regulatory institutions like the International Monetary Fund, who is involved in the monitoring of economic and financial developments (IMF, 2008) and the World Trade Organization, who oversees nearly 150 countries and 97% of world trade (WTO, n.d.). The indices can be represented by the regular economic parameters such as Gross Domestic Product or Gross World Product (GWP), per capita production, employment rate, and others. World production is greatly affected by trading. Without trading a nation would not strive to produce more of its products where it has comparative advantage. Without the demand from other countries, every nation only produces goods enough for the domestic need. Oil producing countries, for instance, strive to generate greater productivity because of world demands for oil. Food and other agricultural supplies are needed by countries who cannot produce them due to climatic conditions. Other countries provide surplus of labor and expertise. Because of this, world trade is an essential component for increase in world's production. In fact volumes of world trading is a good indicator of the soundness of the world's economy. When world trading is low the world economy is generally down. General pattern of international trade International trade, which forms the bloodstream of the world economy, represents the flow of goods and services from one nation to the other. There are several patterns suggested in terms of trading or import-export arrangements. One of the patterns is that, the nation who lacks the capability to produce a good needed by its constituents buy it from another nation who produce or specialize its production due to comparative advantage such as lower production cost or availability of raw materials. Likewise, the nation that has surplus of a particular product can supply it to others in need. Dean (2004, 312) referred this arrangement as inter-industry specialization. Another pattern referred by the same author describes the intra-industry specialization (313). Two nations who specialize the same industry trade their products. As an example, the US and Japan both manufacture cars but they both trade their respective cars models. Import and exports, however, have their controls and limitations based on regulations and standards. Different countries have their own product quality indices, trade taxes, and other barriers. Attempts however were made to unify regulations and eliminate barriers to world trade. These resulted to the forming of the World Trade Organization. With the molding of the WTO the world embark in a global exchange of goods and services from agricultural to high-end industrial outputs with limited restrictions. As part of its advocacy the World Trade Organization claimed, "It is the only international organization dealing with the global rules of trade between nations. Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible." The Consequence of no-trading Trade sanctions sometimes happen in the world scenario. It occurred many times in the history as a consequence of disciplinary actions against a hostile

Professional Translation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Professional Translation - Essay Example This framed Nida's dynamic equivalence which is understanding not only the meaning of the source text but also the manner in which the intended receptors of a text are likely to understand it in the receptor language (Tianmin). In other words, Nida is more concerned in how the receptors would understand or digest the intended message of the original text. Nida has been into biblical translations. One theory of equivalence is that of Vinay and Darbelnet who view equivalence-oriented translation as a procedure which 'replicates the same situation as in the original, whilst using completely different wording' (Kenny: 342). They regard the method as ideal in dealing with proverbs, idioms, clichs, nominal or adjectival phrases and the onomatopoeia of animal sounds. Another theory of equivalence is that of Jakobson, known as the concept of equivalence in difference. Roman Jakobson's study of equivalence gave new impetus to the theoretical analysis of translation since he introduced the notion of 'equivalence in difference' (Jakobson, 1959:232). ... There is no full equivalence between code units. According to his theory, 'translation involves two equivalent messages in two different codes' (Jakobson, p. 233). From a grammatical point of view, languages may differ from one another to a greater or lesser degree, but this does not mean that a translation cannot be possible, meaning that the translator may face the problem of not finding a translation equivalent. Similarities of Vinay and Darbelnet's theory and Jakobson's theory can be found in the fact that both can rely on other procedures such as loan-translations or neologisms whenever linguistic approach is no longer suitable in the translation process. Nida and Taber's formal correspondence and dynamic equivalence is another theory of equivalence. Formal correspondence 'focuses attention on the message itself, in both form and content' (Nida and Taber, 1982), unlike dynamic equivalence which is based upon 'the principle of equivalent effect' (1964: 159). Formal correspondence consists of correspondence TL item which represents the closest equivalent of a SL word or phrase. There are not always formal equivalents between language pairs. These formal equivalents should be used wherever possible if the translation aims at achieving formal rather than dynamic equivalence. Nida and Taber assert that formal correspondence distorts the grammatical and stylistic patterns of the receptor language, and hence distorts the message, so as to cause the receptor to misunderstand or to labor unduly hard' (1964:201). Dynamic equivalence is defined as a translation principle according to which a translator seeks to translate the meaning of the origi nal in such a way that the TL wording will trigger the same

Shadowing experience Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Shadowing experience - Assignment Example Developmental aspect includes the school curriculum, individual students and the society development. In most cases, they act as change agents in the schools. They provide feedback to the students on the progress of their children. Also, she acts as the consultation head by working with the teachers and the administrators to meet the students needs at all levels of education (Wicks 56). They help students in different areas including ensuring that the students are more productive adults of tomorrow. They help students to achieve their academic goals and also their career and social development. They enhance the students learning processes in academic, personal and social development. Students get desired competencies that provide all students with the skills, right attitudes and knowledge appropriate for the students development. Most of the developmental needs are developed alongside the school programs (Patterson 88). The counselor was able to handle people from different societies and background. The most interesting thing is that she was able to advise a student who was infected with HIV/AIDS. He was able to train and bring back the student to the right attitude. The students were positive about life. It was my first time to get an HIV/AIDS individual being able to appreciate their status. One of the impressive things is that the counselor was able to impact the students with the right attitude. All the students had a positive attitude towards mathematics and science subject unlike other schools in the same locality. Also, she spent most of her time with the students to impact them with the right morals. There was an interactive forum that ensured students aired out their issues. This acted as a basis of identifying the students challenges in school. The challenges identified enabled the parents and teachers to manage the school (Patterson 88). Most of the issues that I need to learn about includes different ways and techniques of changing the

Business Environment Assessment Of Bisleri Marketing Essay

Business Environment Assessment Of Bisleri Marketing Essay A study of business environment is very useful to anticipate opportunities and to plan resources to exploit these opportunities successfully. It can also be used as an early warning system to prevent threats or to turn obstacles into opportunities. Business environment is a sum total of all those factors, conditions, situations or surroundings which directly affect the working of business. It is a comprehensive term and covers factors like consumer behavior, economic policies, competition in the market, technology and so on. ABSTRACT: Water is one of the basic necessities for human life to survive on this planet today getting pure water is not an easy task with so much harmful chemical being disposed into the water by various industries is making the water harmful for drinking. 71% of the earth is made of water out of which only 1% of water can be used by living beings. Among this 1% of water 50% of water is polluted. This is an analysis report of one of the premium, recognized trusted brand in the Indian bottled water market named BISLERI INTERNATIONAL PVT LTD. This is enjoying the huge share in the market both in bulk segment in small packs. HISTORY OF BISLERI: WATER WATER EVERYWHERE, BUT JUST A LITTLE THAT IS CLEAN The origin of BISLERI lies in Italy and the brand owes its name to its founder MR.FELICE BISLERI, an Italian entrepreneur. In 1967, BISLERI set up a plant in Bombay for bottling and marketing actual mineral water, which did not quite work. By 1969, BISLERI wanted to exit the business and to help him out the Chauhans bought the brand, intending to turn it into a soda brand. Since then it has come a long way. Now, it owns a large percentage of shares in the Indian market and also it has its presence in International Water Market. WATER WATER EVERYWHERE, BUT JUST A LITTLE THAT IS CLEAN JOURNEY OF BISLERI OVER THE PAST FEW YEARS: 1969: Buys BISLERI bottled water from an Italian company, Felice Bisleri. It was bottled in glass bottles then. Early-1980s: Shifts to PVC (Poly Vinyl Chloride) bottles. Sales surge Mid-1980s: Switches to PET bottles, which meant more transparency and life for water. 1993: Sells carbonated drink brands like ThumsUp, Gold Spot and Limca to Coca-Cola for Rs. 400 crore. 1995: BISLERI launches a 500 ml bottle and sales shoot up by 400 per cent. 2000: Introduces the 20-litre container to bring prices down from Rs. 10 a litre to Rs. 2 a litre. 1998: Introduces a tamper-proof and tamper-evident seal. 2000: BIS cancels BISLERIS license of water bottling in Delhi since some of the bottles did not carry ISI label; the license is restored one-and-a-half months later. 2002: KINLEY overtakes BISLERI. The national retail stores audit by ORG-MARG show Kinsleys market share at 35.1 per cent compared to BISLERIS 34.4 per cent. 2003: BISLERI ventured out into Europe and America to sell bottled water. THE GROWTH OF BISLERI OVER THE YEARS: 1. HOW THE QUALITY STANDARD IS IMPROVED:- Every bottle of BISLERI is put through a rigorous Multi stage purification processes which includes micron filtration and ozonisation. It acquires 6 stages of purification processes which ensure quality water which is pure and safe for drinking purpose. Good manufacturing are the strength all the time processing in religiously monitored at every stage. 2. THE TRUST FOR BRAND HAS ALWAYS BEEN CONSISTENT :- More than 50 lakhs people trust the BISLERI. They buy only BISLERI water because it has became generic name for mineral water. For example: When people go to buy the mineral water many of them ask for BISLERI, even though they get other brand. 3. LARGE RANGE OF PRODUCTS OFFERED:- BISLERI offers a large range of products which attracts consumer of all categories. For example: 1 litre or 500 ml pack is useful for individual buyers, 12 litres or 20 litres is useful for organization. Therefore it attracts large number of customer. 4. MARKETING STRATEGY:- BISLERI is promoted by an aggressive print TV. TV is backed by a Hoarding point of sale material. Every interface with customer is used as an opportunity to reinforce. For example: All vehicles used for supply have been painted in light green, bears the BISLERI logo sport catchy baseline likes drink and drive. 5. DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM. With little belief in the distributor system, the company leverage its large fleet to truck to supply bottled water directly goes to retailers through a system called Route Selling where the driver of truck are trained to be the service person. This ensures that water supplied are fresh and bottles are in the good shape. BISLERI has more than 80,000 outlets in the country. 6. BULK SEGMENT IS USEFUL FOR HOUSEHOLDS ALSO:- Households in certain parts of the country spend a huge amount of money on fuel in order to purify the water. They are supposed to buy the impure water and then they have to spend money to purify it. For instance the water scarce south people spend large some of money to buy water and still more to purify it. The 12 litre product is hit in various cities of south. 7. GROWING POPULARITY:- The popularity of BISLERI is increasing rapidly day by day. People in the market when it comes to mineral water a person goes to any shop and asks for BISLERI as his/her first preference. BISLERI is seeing a growth of almost 50% per year. With the small pack being popular among individuals user its bulk pack is also generating the huge demand which is capturing the market for BISLERI. Today 60-70 % of total income of BISLERI comes from its bulk segment and the company is planning to increase it up to 80%. 8. THE BREAK AWAY SEAL:- Keeping in mind the consumers need to recognize a genuine product that cannot be tempered with. The unique cap has been patented and cannot be duplicated. This technical strength ensures that the consumer will only get a high safe product when they will drink BISLERI. MISSION STATEMENT To provide the highest quality product, keeping in mind all aspect including freshness purity and safety and making it easy available to the consumer at very affordable price. MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH Market share 2005 Bisleri 53% Yes 13% Bailey 23% Others 11% Bisleri Yes Bailey Others Market share 2007 Bisleri 51% Yes 11% Bailley 17% Aquafina 4% Kinley 10% others 7% Bisleri Yes Bailley Aquafina Kinley Others market share feb 2008 Bisleri 38% Kinley 28% Aqua pure 11% Bailey 6% Others 17% Bisleri Kinley Aqua pure Bailey Others The Bisleri in the mineral water market is still maintaining the pace at which it has been growing over past few years. The brand has been witnessing launch of a number of player with every passing day. Presently the market is skewed towards regional players and has more than 250 players in the fray. Besides these there are a number of fly-by-night operators who enter the market in summers, reap benefits by packaging tap water and selling as pure mineral water, and then leave once the season is over. The problem in the market is not with the players but with the consumers. Poverty levels, illiteracy has led these players to take full advantage of consumers by selling even the tap water as mineral water. Total bottled market has a size of Rs11-12bn of this around Rs7bn is in the hands of organized sector and rest is with unorganized sector. In the organized sector Bisleri is the market leader with 45% market share followed by Bailey with 23-24% market share. The Rs 1,000 crore branded packaged water market has always been synonymous with the desi Bisleri. Market Share of players among users The brand is a product of Parle International and presently is the market leader with more than 45% market share. The company pioneered the concept of bottled water in the Indian market as early as 1967. The company is also credited with SKUs of 500ml, 1.2 lts, 1.5 lts and 2 lts in the Indian market The relaunch of Bisleri in 1993, however was a success due to growing awareness and high consciousness of health and hygiene among people. In 1993, when Ramesh Chauhan, Chairman, Parle Bisleri sold his right to market Bisleri brand to Coca-Cola, Bisleri, which underwent the new management for a period of 5 years, remained largely neglected. On getting the rights back, he started building Bisleri as a mineral water brand. Bisleri had a brand name, a product, the brand building of Bisleri started in a small way in 1998, which bore fruit in 1999-2000 when it grew by 140%. Positioning : Playing Safe Target audience : Health and hygiene conscious people Personality : Guardian, Authoritative, Reliable Punch Line : Play Safe USP : Pioneer advantage in bottled water industry, old player with lot of experience Bisleri, which enjoys 65 per cent market share in the branded water segment, is also eyeing a sharp growth in sales during the present year 2010. The company, that recently launched its premium brand with medical values Vedica, is expecting a 50 per cent growth in sales from this brand With so many brands launched and to meet the growing demand in the bottled-water segment that is growing at 40 per cent year on year, the company plans to scale-up its production units. It would be opening 10-15 bottling units in the next six months. In this year so far, Bisleri has set up 5 plants .At present, the company has 52 bottling plants across the country. On Bisleris overseas plans, company is in talks with local beverage-makers in Sri Lanka, the UAE, Bangladesh and Oman to set up units and franchise the Bisleri brand. The company also plans to expand its global footprint this fiscal. Currently, it exports its products to Singapore. The bottled water brand leader is opening 35 new plants in smaller towns and entering the high-margin segments Bottled water brand leader, Bisleris new plants are ready to meet the summer demand. And over the next six months, the company will start operating more plants in the remaining parts of the country. This is part of the companys plans to open as many as 35 new plants across the country to tap the fast-growing market for packaged water (at Rs 2,400 crore now) in Indias hinterlands. The growth will come, Parle Bisleri says, as there is an increasing consciousness even in villages to the fact that over 1,600 Indians are dying every day because of waterborne diseases and almost four million people in India are affected by water-borne diseases every year. Theres another reason for Bisleris ambitious plans. It will help the company shave costs. Typically, in this business, transporting water to a distance of 200 km costs the company Rs 30 per case freight. But with distances cut, the company will now spend only Rs 4-5 per case freight. But Bisleri invariably starts selling the product in a given location before the plant comes up. There was a point in the early 90s the sales and the market value of the bisleri were going down. No doubt, that was tough to take for Bisleri. The first thing it did was to change the look and feel of its brand. From the earlier conical shaped bottle, Bisleri took on a streamlined, round shape, replacing the erstwhile blue logo with an aqua green one. The move paid off Bisleri is also doing several other things as well to open up the higher margin market. For one, it is in talks with beverage makers and bottlers in countries such as Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Oman and the United Arab Emirates to franchise its brand name. Exports to Singapore have already started. It also launched Vedica, its first mineral water, in January 2010 and is test marketing flavoured water across the country. The company is also setting up a new manufacturing facility for its enhanced water brands, which will be fortified with vitamins and minerals. These are brands that will tap the top end of this market, which now account for just 10 per cent of the packaged water market, and bring in substantial profits. Vedica will take on Himalayan and foreign brands like Evian and Perrier in a category that is willing to shell out that extra buck. Enthused by its 35% growth in 2008-09, Parle Bisleri is targeting 40% growth this year. With a 60% market share, they are the market leaders in this segment.. The company has already geared up to foray into the flavored water segment in October 2009. Currently, the company has 52 bottling plants across the country. July 26 2009 Bisleri International Pvt Ltd, the packaged water brand grew at 78 per cent in the current fiscal on the back of increasing capacity. They always had an aggressive growth plan in place. Not only they developed the brand further through several marketing initiatives, they also planned on setting up more manufacturing facilities in the country. The television campaign for Bisleri has worked wonders for the brand giving it a big boost. The important increase in India can be easily explained through the growth of the population and problems of water quality and water supplies. Until 1992, the demand for bottled water in India was mostly limited to foreign tourists, corporate meetings, conferences, etc. The introduction of bulk packaging extended the market to new and numerous consumers. Bottled water is a particularly competitive market, hence companies need to develop diverse marketing strategies, such as accessing new markets by owning or developing partnership with regional brands, developing new products (such as flavored water) or by-products (such as cosmetics) and developing services (home and office delivery of water). WEAKNESS 1. METHOD ADOPTED FOR DISTRIBUTION:- THE ROUTESELLING policy adopted by BISLERI for distribution is more expensive than more commonly followed method of appointing distributors in different towns. This reduces the profit of company. The dealer margin is reduced due to this .therefore not many dealer keeps BISLERI in many areas. Indirectly this is reducing the coverage of BISLERI. 2. REUSE OF BOTTLE BY LOCAL SELLERS AND ILLEGAL MANUFACTURERS:- Market research conducted by BISLERI revealed that the other overriding concern for this set of buyers is the tampering of seal and the reuse of bottles. Many have witnessed used bottles being refilled at railway stations. This deteriorates the brand image of BISLERI. For example: local sellers fill the bottle of BISLERI with impure water and the bottles are purchased by illiterate customers as BISLERI water but they buy water of low quality. In this way brand of BISLERI gets affected. 3. FAULTS IN PRODUCTION:- Tests conducted by various authorities shows that it contains pesticides. In 2002 the 2cm long insect was found in the bottle of BISLERI. This has affected its sales and reputation. The license of its two factories one at Noida and other at Bangalore has been cancelled because of fault in production. 4. PRESSURE BY GOVERNMENT AUTHORITY:- After insect was found in the bottles, FDA (Food Drug Adulteration) has cancelled the production of BISLERI. Afterwards it was allowed to resume it but in this period its customer were moved towards other products. It is constantly under check by various authorities. 5. NOT MEETING THE DEMAND OF THE CUSTOMER:- In certain parts of south in our country big bottles of BISLERI are in huge demand but the company is unable to meet the demand of the consumers. This is affecting the demand for the product. So People are forced to use other brands of mineral water. OPPORTUNITY 1. FAST GROWING FIELD:- The best beverage for India in the new millennium seems to be water. In recent years, the bottled drinking water market has been witnessing high decibel level of activity, with a host of new entrants. The bottled water market which worth Rs. 1000 crore is expected to be Rs. 5000 crore by 2010. This will increase a lot of scope for bottled water market. 2. BISLERI CAN UTILISE ITS DISTRIBUTION CHAIN:- With BISLERI becoming a generic name for bottled drinking water. If company can manage the distribution chain of the product to make it available where the consumer needs it the most, the company may well succeed in his gamble with water. For this the company can connect it with dealers and other distributors who will market the products for them all around the world. 3. EXPANSION IN EUROPE:- The launch of BISLERI in the European market on 4th September, 2003 has created a lot of scope for BISLERI in the field. This will also compensate the deterioration of image; BISLERI has suffered after insect was found in the bottle. It will silence the critics and it will also increase the faith of the customer for the brand. It will create an international brand image and the quality will increase. 4. LAUNCH OF PREMIUM PACK:- The company also has its premium product range. This is prepared keeping 5-star hotels and other premium customer. This pack will be sold at Rs. 20 per litre. This will give a tough competition to the EVIAN, the biggest player in the premium water range which sells its 1 litre water at a hefty of Rs.85 per litre. 5. CHANGE OF IMAGE:- The company has changed the colour of the product. It has changed from blue to green. By changing the colour, the company has provided a new product to the consumers; they will be getting a new and a refreshing product. 6. INCREASE IN PRODUCTION:- BISLERI is eyeing the Market and is in the process of increasing the production by setting 4 new plants adding to its 23plants. This will increase the production capacity of the company. THREAT 1. MARKET IS EYED BY THE BIG PLAYERS:- The growth of the market indicates the need for the mineral water. Due to this the heavy weights are eyeing the market. Coke, Pepsi, Britannia, Nestle, Auswater-is keen on raising their stakes in this market. With the cut throat competition between Coke and Pepsi, BISLERI is not safe. 2. ENTERING OF NEW PLAYERS:- To get some share in the market many new players are entering in the market. Among them major names are Godrej, which is launching its product AQUA-PURE and Tata-Tea is looking forward to but Himalayan, this will increase the competition. Also Britannia which is distributing EVIAN is planning to launch its own brand. There are also new entrants ATCO with BRILLIANT water, DS FOODS with CATCH are also coming. Even Hindustan lever is planning to enter into the market. This is give a tough competition to the current water brands including BISLERI. 3. WATER FILTER MANUFACTURERS:- BISLERI is not only getting competition from mineral water maker but is also facing a tough competition from various water filter manufacturers such as Eureka Forbes (Aqua guard). They have been marketing there purifiers in the market which has decreased the sales of bottled water supply to homely customers. 4. ILLEGAL MANUFACTURERS:- Company is facing a tough competition from illegal manufacturers in the rural areas. The illegal manufacturers provide water at a very cheaper rate then the branded manufacturers. There are 1000s of illegal manufacturers which are providing the water at a very cheaper rate. This is a serious problem for branded manufacturers. This companies also use the fake name of branded bottled water i.e. BISLERI and supply their products in the market. 5. STRONG DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL OF THE OTHER MANUFACTURERS:- Analysts feel that BISLERIS break away seal will not at all be effective the company having strong distribution channel will only survive. This rings the warning bell for BISLERI because among other players Kinley and Aquafina are having a strong distribution network of Coke and Pepsi. Nestle will be banking on its chocolate distribution network. Even though the BISLERI has a strong networks but its concentration on bulk segment can lead to improper network. For example: A chemist who is selling the 1 litre pack may not sell the 20 litre pack. This could disturb the network.

Book Report Angelas Ashes Essay -- essays research papers

Angela’s Ashes by Frank McCourt A Look at Irish Culture during the Depression Era Frank Mc Court, the author of Angela’s Ashes, was born during the Great Depression. A few years after immigrating to the United States because their families believed they would find their fortune here, his Irish family moved back to Ireland in hopes of a better life. They were met with only more hardships in their native country. His book shows the struggle and small joys of daily life with siblings, school friends, and the adults in his life. It also provides much insight into the way the people in Ireland lived at that time. The author tells the story from the viewpoint of Frank, the oldest child of a father whose background in "the North" (having been involved with the IRA) causes continual suspicion. His mother, Angela, had never known her father and her own mother is very miserly and offers no help to the woman and her children. Through the course of telling about his own life and his family’s hard times, McCourt touches upon the fighting that went on between the Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland and the toll this had on the Irish people. He also delved deeply into the issue of poverty among the Irish and the many ways they dealt with the hardship in their lives. Life in the Irish city of Limerick is so hard that starvation is a way of life for most of the residents "Consumption," pneumonia, and typhoid are rampant; children go to school barefoot or in pie...

How News Media Affects Our Views about America

Bully. This is what pops into the minds of foreigners when they think of American people. They see somebody who only cares for themselves and disregards the needs of other nations. Could it be due to race, religion, or petty arguments? No. Foreign powers like Japan, Germany, France, and South Africa, have admitted to it. The mainstream news is the problem. We can no longer trust the â€Å"facts† that the press spoon feeds us. The American news media distorts facts, highly skews political views, and vastly affects how foreigners see our country.How many times have you heard a rumor out in public, and went home to check to the news to figure it out? As it turns out, this may not be the best course of action. A study conducted by the Cardiff University, which studied research done by 2,000 news media sources found startling information. Out of the 2,000 sources, only 12% had actually researched the facts. Another gigantic chunk of that, 80% of the news companies had used secondha nd sources to write their articles. Journalists do not check their sources thoroughly, with only 12% of the 2,000 digging deep into their â€Å"facts† to find the truth.Though, with a study finding that journalists only have 1/3 of the time to research facts than they did in 1985, can you blame them? (Davies 2008). The mainstream news media have become very comfortable with dishonest facts and unchecked sources. They will candidly take the word of a rumor or story someone tells. Politicians are aware and have taken advantage of this. Politicians use many different techniques to sway citizens for their vote. The list is nearly endless: television, speeches, press conferences, propaganda, and the two colossal sections are news media and social networking sites.Social networking sites like Twitter or Facebook can highly skew political votes. These websites can be used for sharing and discussing political views. People who have no idea about the candidates could take their friend s opinions. Due to support from fellow social networkers, people will say anything about politics, whether true or not. One example of this is how Mitt Romney’s campaign slogan being the exact same one used by the KKK. During the 2nd political debate, there were 12. 24 million social media comments, tweets about the debate: 11. 7 million, and 572,000 public Facebook posts (Cody 2012).Ultimately, this results in mass produced half-truths. Politics is how we communicate with our allies and enemies alike. While the Secretary of State was in South Africa at an international environmental conference in Johannesburg, he was booed by the attending people. Although it is not out of the spectrum for American officials to be booed, a lot of the people were American Allies (Martin, 2012). A few ambassadors made comments on the subject: â€Å"I think a lot of people see [America as] a greedy bully, someone who is prepared to run roughshod over other people's interests†, said journ alist Vuyo Mvoko, with SABC television in South Africa.Germany, â€Å"The people in Germany, we accept that you are, in a way, stronger, but what we don't accept is that you just come to conclusions and make decisions without ever putting into consideration what it might mean for other nations — like, for example, the Germans†, said Peter Kloeppel of RTL television in Germany. Also attending, France stated that â€Å"They [America] are too much interested in their own personal business† (Martin, 2012). The news media have distorted facts about what we do.My dad, a missing-persons investigator for Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department, has told me what really happens. One night, he told me that a girl’s ex-boyfriend broke into her house and tried to steal some things. The girl saw him, he threatened her, and so she shot him. Obviously, the ex-boyfriend was the bad guy. Later that same evening, looking at the news, the headline â€Å"Man gunned down in ex-girlfriend’s house. † This presents the wrong image that the girl brutally shot the man for no reason.In conclusion, the mammoth news companies have become accustomed and comfortable with being given false and biased information. They affect how we view all sorts of information. Using unconfirmed and untrustworthy sources, the news corporations will continue lying and skewing the truth. The news companies of America have affected our opinions with politics and distort how foreign powers view the U. S, and most of all tells the truth, without telling the truth. With all of the deception, can we really trust anything we hear or see on the television and on the radio or in newsprint?

A Study On Immigration Case Study Social Policy Essay Essays

A Study On Immigration Case Study Social Policy Essay Essays A Study On Immigration Case Study Social Policy Essay Essay A Study On Immigration Case Study Social Policy Essay Essay Using the really big fluctuation in the influx of in-migration across the provinces of US and other states states we examine the force of in-migration employment, mean on the job hours, money growing and one most of import, the entire factors efficiency. At the same clip we find dramatic cogent evidence that the entire factors of increased productiveness. These are some of the really robust grounds of commanding for many other determiners of efficiency that may change with topography such as R A ; D outgo, computing machine execution, international competition in the signifier of sectors composing and exports. Therefore many consequences suggest that in-migration promotes efficiency undertaking specialisation and at the same clip promotes the adaptation of amateurish-based engineering as the technological alteration would calculate. ( Peri, November 2009 ) In what ways can immigration assist economic system? Immigration does non botch the Economy nor does any Government lose their money because of immigrants. After all the people of the state makes more money. The common thought that money base on ballss from authorities to company to clients and back once more, if a minor sum of money is moved from industries to clients so at the same clip a larger sum of money is retained. Immigrants, if accepted as general populace, are entitled to benefits. Thus these people are run outing over 2 billion dollars from benefits each twelvemonth. However, one time these people get familiar to our ways of life, so they can go really helpful members of society. A basic world about our economic system is that every bit long as we infuse more supplies and services than we have, the more figure of occupations which is about illimitable. In world, when the figure of workers additions, the more the figure of occupations we create. Thus the entire figure of services and the mass of the labour power has been tracked each other so moderately closely for 50 old ages despite dramatic alterations in in-migration flows. It s a recognized fact that many of the occupations that immigrants are taking are that occupations that Americans are non taking. But we check immigrants from taking these vacant occupations, American manufacturers and clients suffer the cost. ( Powell, Friday, January 13, 2006 ) Do you believe economic systems should welcome in-migration? Yes decidedly the economic systems should welcome in-migration. An case is the recent policies adopted by states like Spain. Suppose that if a western state were to loosen its boundary lines, therefore taking to an flood of immigrants into that state, the predicted result would be unemployment, rise in offense, societal agitation, but Spain Disagrees on these anticipations. Over a period of the last 10 old ages, Spain has taken in 1000000s of immigrants from diverse backgrounds, but still it has emerged as the best economic system in Europe. The growing norm has been 3.2 % since the last half decennary. Spain is responsible for the creative activity of 50 % of the new occupations in the Euro zone and even unemployment has fallen down. All these factors have been credited to in-migration. Immigrants start out by taking the occupations that are unwanted by the local population. The revenue enhancements that they pay lend for more than the public comfortss they use. Not merely Spain, many other states have adopted a pro-immigration base and the success they have achieved is a testimony to the fact that economic systems should welcome in-migration. Immigration besides leads to intermixing of societies, therefore supplying a gateway to the construct of â€Å"ONE WORLD† . ( Spain: immigrants Welcome, 2007 ) Mentions Giovanni Peri. ( 2009 ) . Theeffect of Immigration on productiveness: Evidence from US States. NBER Working Paper ( 15507 ) Benjamin Powell. ( 2006 ) .Get this heterosexual: Immigration helps economic system. Retrieved March 13, 2010. hypertext transfer protocol: //sacramento.bizjournals.com/sacramento/stories/2006/01/16/editorial3.html Carol Matlack, Joan Tarzian. ( 2002 ) . Spain: Immigrants Welcome Retrieved March 13, 2010. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/07_21/b4035066.htm

Understanding The Concepts Of Normative Development Young People Essay Essay Example

Understanding The Concepts Of Normative Development Young People Essay Essay Example Understanding The Concepts Of Normative Development Young People Essay Paper Understanding The Concepts Of Normative Development Young People Essay Paper The intent of this authorship is to show my cognition and apprehension of the term normative development . I will analyze Daniel s ( kid I carried out my kid survey on ) acquisition and development in relation to my cognition and apprehension of normative development by mentioning to the Early Years Framework Stage ( EYFS ) ( Scots Government, 2010 ) . I will demo grounds of my cognition and apprehension of two theoreticians, in which will associate in some manner to Daniel s acquisition and development. I will demo how I supported and provided suited learning chances for Daniel, by mentioning to all three visits. From this, I will measure and reflect on my ability to make this by utilizing the Pre-Birth to Three Guidance ( Learning and Teaching Scotland, 2010 ) and refer to my ain experience and propose some challenges for staff lovingness for babes in early childhood Centres. Dryden et Al. ( 2005 ) utters that every kid is a alone person and will develop at different times and in different ways throughout their life. Child development is holistic ; a kid can non hold cognitive development if they do non hold linguistic communication development. When a kid develops, the development does non come on in one country and discontinues in another. ( Doherty and Hughes, 2009 ) Normative development agencies phases of development that the bulk of kids of that specific age are expected to accomplish. ( Meggit, 2006 ) . I will utilize the ( EYFS ) ( Scots Government, 2008 ) to exemplify Daniel s ( 20 four months old ) phase in larning and development. The EYFS ( Scots Government, 2008 ) suggests that kids aged between 16 and 20 six months are expected to demo marks of utilizing one and two word vocalizations to show simple and more hard messages. Daniel demonstrated this on all three visits, nevertheless was most apparent on visit two when we went to the park. Daniel chiefly used one word vocalizations, such as up , o ( travel ) , oggie ( pooch ) , you . He endeavoured to utilize two word vocalizations on visit two and three when he said, the H2O and Nana you . I took images of playthings and characters from his favorite programmes and set together a book to assist back up Daniel s linguistic communication development. Not merely do kids necessitate to hear linguistic communication being spoken to develop their linguistic communication development but societal interaction is needed besides ( Bruner, 1983 cited in Doherty and Hughes, 2008, p.311 ) . A Language Acquisition Support System ( LASS ) ( Bruner, 1983 cited in Doherty and Hughes, 2009, p.311 ) is a group of attacks used by parents/carers to farther advance the development of linguistic communication. This attack is where the grownup speaks to the kid at a more advanced degree than the kid is capable of making on their ain ( Doherty and Hughes, 2009 ) . On visit two, Daniel uses his custodies to sprinkle in the puddles and says to myself you . I used the scaffolding attack and responded by inquiring, Would you like me to utilize my custodies to sprinkle in the puddles with you? By utilizing the staging attack and inquiring Daniel if he would wish me to fall in him, has helped me measure my pattern by mentioning to one of the four key rule s in the Pre-Birth to Three Guidance ( Learning and Teaching Scotland, 2010 ) Respect . I respected Daniel s wants about what he wanted to make ; he made an informed determination by leting me to attach to him in sprinkling in the puddles. ( Learning and Teaching Scotland, 2010 ) . Responsive attention is another cardinal rule and is defined as: building close relationships with kids, being observant of them and meaningfully involved with them. ( Learning and Teaching Scotland, 2010, p.23 ) I was tuned into Daniel s wants by detecting him and reading his signals. By making this, I noticed he was highly engrossed with playing in the puddles. I went over and became involved in what he was making by take parting aboard him. Daniel so presented what most kids of that age are expected to demo between the ages of 16 and 20 six months marks of looking for ways to acquire attending from others by drawing them into societal interaction. ( Scots Government, 2008 ) Daniel besides demonstrated he could utilize his turning physical abilities to do societal interaction ( Scots Government, 2008 ) by utilizing his custodies and pess to sprinkle in the puddles to obtain my attending. In conformity with the EYFS ( 2008 ) kids aged between 16 and 20 six months are expected to look to others for reactions which test what they know about themselves. ( Scots Government, 2008 ) . This is clear on visit one when Daniel sat on his female parent s articulatio genus, keeping onto her manus, whilst he watched the telecasting. John Bowlby s theory highlighted the significance of the fond regard between kids and their chief defender ( Sayers, 2008 ) . Daniel showed he had a strong fond regard with his female parent. Mary Ainsworth established the strange state of affairs ( Dryden et al. 2005, p. 78 ) where the babe and female parent are in a room playing, the female parent so leaves the room, go forthing the alien in the room with the babe. The bulk of the clip, this experiment resulted in the kid being discerning and uneasy at their female parent s disappearing. ( Dryden et al. 2005 ) . On visit one, Daniel showed marks of anxiety when his female parent left myself in the r oom with Daniel as she went to reply the door. Daniel besides displayed on visits two and three that he can: Make picks that involve challenge, when grownups guarantee their safety ( Scots Government, 2008, p.31 ) . I used Lev Vyostsky s thought of the zone of proximal development ( ZPD ) ( Pound, 2005, p.40 ) to back up Daniel s acquisition and development in this state of affairs. The ZPD is the infinite between what a kid can make by themselves and what they can make with the support of a individual who is more adept. ( Pound, 2005 ) . On visit two, Daniel indicated he wanted to travel on the mounting frame by stating up . I assisted Daniel with his permission and ensured his safety by traveling up the mounting frame behind him. Visit three, Daniel besides demonstrated this phase of development when he began to mount up the chute backwards at the swimming baths. I ensured Daniel s safety by patterning how to travel up chute the right manner and by keeping his manus to mount the stairss. I can associate my pattern to the cardinal rule Relationships in the Pre-Birth to Three Guidance ( Learning and Teaching Scotland, 2010 ) as I strongly believe a connexion was made between Daniel and I when I helped him mount up the mounting frame on visit two. Besides, on visit three when I modelled and helped him mount the stairss on the chute by keeping his manus. A farther key rule I can associate my pattern to is Responsive attention ( Learning and Teaching Scotland, 2010 ) because I readily responded to what Daniel wanted to make, I believe Daniel began to swear myself and felt safe and unafraid when I assisted him. ( Learning and Teaching Scotland, 2010 ) As antecedently mentioned, Daniel and his female parent have a strong fond regard. Daniel showed anxiety when he was left in the room with myself on visit one when his female parent went to reply the door. This could be a possible challenge for early childhood practicians working with this age group as Daniel may take a piece settling into babys room as his fond regard with his female parent is really strong. It is clear Daniel is still unsure when being left entirely with aliens myself on visit one. Other members of staff/adults may walk in and out of the room who Daniel do non cognize, which may ensue in him acquiring upset, which once more could dispute practicians. Consulting with Daniel s female parent, she informed me that Daniel has neer attended drama group but interacts good with Dion ( Daniel s female parent s friends small miss ) . On visit one Dion came to see Daniel and I observed how they interacted with one another. Before long, Daniel hit Dion because Dion wanted her Wellington boot back. This may be a possible challenge for practicians working with this age group as Daniel does non cognize at this phase how to play with other kids because he has non had the experience. He besides demonstrated aggressive behavior towards Dion which may be a farther challenge for practicians. The grownup to child ratio for under 3s is one grownup to five kids. Daniel is an lone kid and thrives to derive grownup attending. Daniel s demands are responded to instantly by his household as he is an lone kid, it is certain from visit one if Daniel does non acquire what he wants he will shout. This may be a challenge for practicians as each are responsible for five kids and may happen it hard to react to every kid s demands. It has been said that parents are their kid s chief pedagogue ( Whalley, 2007 ) and is hence highly of import to affect them in their kid s acquisition and development ( Ward, 2009 ) . Throughout the kid survey, I involved Daniel s female parent through initial meetings to discourse Daniel s involvements, general information, his acquisition and development and what my following stairss were in taking this further. Throughout the kid survey I respected and valued the information Daniel s female parent gave me in respects to Daniel. For kids to develop successfully and make their full potency, a strong positive relationship between parents, instructors and professional health professionals is indispensable ( Hobart and Frankel, 2003, p.1 ) A relationship was built between Daniel s female parent and I as we both connected and came to understandings on suited acquisition chances for Daniel. Trust was besides created as Daniel s female parent allowed me to interact and invent appropriate acquisition chances for Daniel s age and phase of development. ( Learning and Teaching Scotland, 2010 ) In decision, Mentions Doherty, J. Hughes, M. ( 2009 ) Child Development: Theory and Practice 0 -11 England: Pearson Education Limited Dryden, L. et Al. ( 2005 ) Essential Early Years Abington: Hodder Arnold. Hobart, C. Frankel, R J. ( 2003 ) . A Practical Guide to Working with Parents. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes Ltd. Pound, L. ( 2005 ) How Children Learn London: Step Forward Publishing Limited Learning and Teaching Scotland. ( 2010 ) Pre-Birth to Three: Positive Results for Scotland s Children and Families: National Guidance. Glasgow: Learning and Teaching Scotland Scots Government ( 2008 ) Practice Guidance for the Early Years Foundation Stage. Nottingham: Scots Government Ward, U. ( 2009 ) Working with Parents in Early Old ages Settings Exeter: Learning Matters Ltd. Whalley, M and the Pen Green Centre Team. ( 2007 ) Involving Parents in their Children s Learning ( 2nd Edition ) London: Paul Chapman Printing

Choose any country, assess its current macroeconomic position and Essay

Choose any country, assess its current macroeconomic position and discuss what policy options might be adopted (or have been ado - Essay Example This is translated in the macro level as the economy’s total income and total expenditure. GDP measures both the income of the people in the economy and expenditure in the form of consumption, investment, government purchases and net exports. We can assess the economic performance of United Kingdom (UK) using the economic indicators mentioned above. We begin with analysis of the trend in UK’s GDP. There were rises and falls in UK’s GDP as results of the economic fluctuations over the years but the latest figures in its trends reveal the positive position of UK. The UK figures show that GDP on a comparable basis (constant basic prices) grew by 0.5 per cent in the year to end-September 2010 and grew by 0.7 per cent in the third quarter of 2010 (www.scotland.gov.uk 2011). These figures are the results of the experienced increase in both services and construction sectors, 0.6 % and 1.6% respectively and the fall in production sector by 0.4 %. This trend was presented in Figure 1. FIGURE 1. UK GDP GROWTH RATE (2000-2010) In this graph, UK’s GDP was positive from year 2000 up to the first quarter of 2008 and started to register negative growth rates in the second quarter of 2008. There was a negative GDP gap as the actual GDP was less than the potential output. This was the same year when the global recession hits most countries around the world. Recession is one of the economic fluctuations that economies have to face and pass through because failure to do so will cause economic depression. It is a period of declining real GDP, accompanied by lower real income and higher unemployment. UK is one of the affected economies by the recent global crisis. The effects were seen and felt by everyone in the economy. The findings of a survey of almost 5,000 small, medium and large businesses suggested that UK faced a serious risk of recession within months (BBC 2008). Major businesses reported fall in their production and sales. Firms particularly i n the manufacturing and services sector have experienced serious cash-flow problems as results of the lowest levels of sales and orders, job expectations and confidence hit. Both consumers and firms were losing confidence in the recovery of the economy. This made them to hold on tight to their money and refrain from spending, making the consumption and investment level very low. We all know from our circular flow of economic activities that expenditures on buyers purchases and consumption will be the income of sellers of products and providers of services. The effects of the changes in consumption behavior of the households were extended to the producers. House builders has to cut their jobs and reported that completion of their house sales fell. The services firms like restaurants, gyms and tour operators were also hard hit by the decrease in consumption level of the households. The low volumes of production and sales of the businesses caused the real income to fall and contributed to higher inflation rate (Friedman and Schwartz 1982, p.253). More firms have decided stop their production activities because the present condition won’

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Biotechnology (microbial fuel cells) - Essay Example 16.298 g of this component was added to 5.395 g of sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate whose molecular weight was137.99 g/mol. Ammonium ferrous sulphate (for the COD test) was also prepared as was done in the first three experiments. The final concentration of this reagent was 0.025 M, whereas the final volume was 2 litres. The prepared solution was kept in the refrigerator ready for use. Synthetic wastewater, LB broth, and sucrose solution were covered with aluminium foil and tape indicator. Prior to autoclaving the solutions, the caps of the containers were loosened to improve the efficacy of the process. Microbial (Shewanella) culture was made by aseptically transferring some cells from an eppendorf to the fresh growth medium. 4 micro litre of Shewanella was transferred into 100 ml of LB broth at room temperature. After that, the microorganisms were then incubated at 37 0C with continuous shaking for 24 hours at 150 rpm. After 24 hours, it was observed that the previously transparent LB had changed to a cloudy and opaque solution. That was an indication that the active microorganisms grew in the culture. The culture was subsequently refrigerated. Four H-type MFCs were prepared as was previously done using two similar copies of Duran glass bottles, external metal clips, cation exchange membranes and two rubber gaskets. A membrane was used to divide the two chambers, which were slightly asymmetric, by squeezing the membrane between the two chambers. Two chambers divided by a membrane. The chambers were slightly asymmetric, and the membrane was squeezed between two glass chambers. New graphite plates were used as anode and cathode electrodes, whereas the second and third experiments had used old electrodes, which had to be washed before reusing. The electrodes in this experiment had a different shape from the ones in experiment one. The anode was placed in the centre of the anodic

International & Strategic Marketing (Degree Level) Essay

International & Strategic Marketing (Degree Level) - Essay Example ort suggests the formation of a joint venture as the preferred mode of entry into the Indian market however; the ratio of failure of joint ventures is relatively high and the firms to fail very quickly. There is also an element of creating a cultural cohesion and managing the diversity which Indian market can offer. In terms of sales activities, it is important that the firm must engage into B2B activity and manage its sales through creation of a dedicated sales force for personal selling mode of generating the sales. Exporting involves directly exporting the product of the firm into the market where firms wants to get entry. Exporting is desirable by those firms which tend to keep operational control of their products into their own hands besides launching and maintaining its own brand name in the international market. Exporting can also be done through piggybacking wherein the firm can actually utilize the available logistic and distribution networks of existing businesses to distribute and sell its products. It is important to note for successfully exporting a product, exporter requires the help and support of not only the importers but also that of the government as well as the transport. For successful completion of export targets, it is therefore critical that the exporter must strike a balance between the two. Further, the risk of high early failures is relatively high as business of this type often fail to materialize properly thus forcing exporters to look for some other alternative channels to continue to operate in the chosen market. Such high riskiness of the export will therefore may not be suitable for the firms engaged in B2B type of business. Forming joint ventures is another important mode of entry wherein the firm can participate through equity to formulate a new company. Joint ventures are especially helpful in gaining access to the technology as well as the core competencies of other firms besides utilizing the local knowledge of the firms